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If you ask the price of anything at all relating to engineering, you'll often get the answer 'it depends'. Establishing the cost of an MBR installation is no different: there are many different cost components and many ways of determining them.
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The choice of MBR technologies is, it would appear, a series of dilemmas: anaerobic vs aerobic, immersed vs sidestream, ceramic vs polymeric, flat sheet vs hollow fibre (for immersed), pumped vs. air-lift (for sidestream). You could just flip a coin...
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What does the future hold for MBRs? How will they develop? The answer is always the same: If I really knew what was going to happen, do you think I’d still be doing this job?
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American contemporaries of mine recall being told that, by the time they left school, all these Imperial units will have been cast asunder to make way for decimal. It’s been a long wait, and the waiting isn’t over yet.
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Unless they’ve spent the last 10−15 years living in a cupboard, pretty much anyone working in municipal wastewater will at least be aware of the issue of micropollutants: trace quantities of anthropogenic materials which are onerous to the environment.
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A notion regarding wastewater is its potential to provide a useful resource, rather than being viewed as a waste. This is not completely far-fetched. Wastewaters high in readily biodegradable organic carbon can be anaerobically treated to provide methane.
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Are MBRs always going to be favoured for municipal reuse? For a new build, the case would appear overwhelming, though improvements in alternative technologies should not be overlooked.
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I once asked for feedback on the most challenging industrial effluent for treatment using an MBR. It was largely ignored. But treating large volumes of high-strength industrial effluent in a confined space is always going to be challenging and expensive.
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The paper-writing machine that is Dr Fangang Meng of Sun Yat Sen University.
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The group at Cranfield has now published three papers on clogging, ragging (Stefanski et al, 2011), cleaning and desludging (Zsirai et al, 2012) and sludging itself (Buzatu et al, 2012).
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There can be few things more confounding in MBR operation and maintenance than the development of filamentous bacteria in the biotank. These are 'string-like' micro-organisms, with different species apparently prevailing under different conditions.
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Despite the benefits offered by MBR technology with respect to the amazingly high water quality produced, it’s hard to get away from the perception that they are too expensive, use too much energy, and present a whole host of operational problems.
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