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What’s the best membrane material for MBRs? If you consider all the products listed in ‘Industrial MBRs’, for example, it turns out that more than half of the 80 products represented in that book are PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride).
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Ragging in MBRs is almost certainly caused by cotton wool or other cellulosic textile fibres. Only very short lengths of tiny filaments must break through the 1–3 mm fine screens, suggesting they are originally dispersed but soon reform into long rags.
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It's their compactness that is one of the beauties of MBRs and often leads to their selection as the preferred technology. MBRs permit a higher MLSS concentration than a conventional CAS process, meaning proportionately smaller biological process tanks.
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For MBR hybrid technologies to be viable they need to offer a material advantage over the two separate technologies. And, of course, there has to be some sort of application for them in the first place.
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There’s plenty of tales of the impact of poor screening on downstream unit operations in MBRs. While there is little actual proper research into the performance of screens in the peer-reviewed literature, practitioners have produced some useful guidelines.
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At Qatar University, we've been looking at clogging in membrane channels, with our single-channel bench-scale plant. We're taking a few litres of sludge from a nearby MBR and running tests at relatively high flux and slightly diminished air scour rates.
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Sharp-eyed readers of this blog may have noticed that I am not a huge fan of MBR research publications based on fouling. It could be argued there is far too much effort dedicated to this single area, and there is some fuel for this particular fire.
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Many MBR challenges have little to do with the membrane technology and everything to do with the components around them. This can include the software, the screens, the maintenance scheduling, the training − but also the influent flow and quality.
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The membrane aeration bioreactor (MABR) isn't really that new, the term first being introduced around 20 years ago. The original work was based on a pure oxygen fed technology, which attracted the interest of gas suppliers like Air Products.
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Surely, ceramic membranes are just too damned expensive, aren’t they? Well, as someone who’s dabbled in cost analysis every once in a while, let’s just run through the process for operating expenditure (OPEX).
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With infinite time and resources we can model just about anything. But we only have limited amounts of these resources, so matching expectations and potential is of utmost importance, and matching our thinking to reality is a cumbersome balancing act.
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Will MBR modelling help? Clearly, the gap between practitioners and academics has to be bridged first. The fine detail of interruptions in MBR process operation needs to be chronicled, crystallised and conveyed by practitioners and understood by modellers.
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