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In membrane science, you have physicists (film theory, hydraulic resistance and molecular dynamics) and chemists (chemical/biochemical stoichiometry, organic polymer synthesis and Gibbs–Donnan equilibria). Oh yes, membrane science is pretty hard core.
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Wastewater treatment offers examples of usefully combining two unit processes, like the MLE (Modified Ludzak Ettinger) process for nutrient removal, and combined screening/degritting for protecting downstream processes from rags and abrasive particles.
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Stephen Katz et al.'s article 'The disinfection capability of MBRs: credit where credit’s due' raises a few intriguing questions concerning the measurement of the disinfection capability of an MBR and of any other water and wastewater treatment technology.
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It’s often said that training courses are the first thing accountants cross off the budget when money is tight. Others think blocking a couple of days out for training is too much of a luxury for today’s world. But maybe it’s a false economy.
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Reclamation of water for non-potable use (and, in some parts of the world, potable water supply) is very well established. This is one of the key applications of MBRs, often upstream of UV irradiation, activated carbon adsorption and/or reverse osmosis.
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Many marketing managers measure success by the number of clicks their advert receives, directing traffic to their website. This is a fairly simplistic measure for a niche website like The MBR Site: buying an MBR is not like buying a smart phone accessory.
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Managing wastewater in the context of climate change was discussed at the workshop on Wet Weather Overflows, the latest in Ovivo’s 'Utilities Of The Future' series. It was a thought-provoking session, with some compelling observations from the panel.
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Academic research should be ground-breaking and novel. The experience of authoring and reviewing papers has given me a number of insights – specifically clichés to avoid, like ‘membrane fouling is the most significant challenge to MBR implementation’.
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MICRODYN-NADIR, a membrane manufacturing company headquartered in Wiesbaden, Germany, opened a new US-based MBR membrane manufacturing facility in Austin last week (2018). The 27,000-square-foot automated facility will produce BIO-CEL® modules.
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Sometimes it’s only by knowing why things work the way they do that it’s possible to make a reasonable judgement on what to do. Both theory and practice in MBRs will always be essential with a free flow of information and knowledge between the two.
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Probably the greatest enigma of immersed membrane bioreactors (iMBRs) is the fact that they work at all. This might sound a little flippant: most iMBRs certainly operate pretty well most of the time under the appropriate conditions.
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The lifespan of a membrane is key in determining operating expenditure (OPEX). Extending the replacement frequency from five to ten years can reduce the overall OPEX by almost 20% for an immersed hollow fibre MBR, and more so for a flat sheet system.
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