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Biochar and hydrochar are the respective end solid products from thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge by pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation. The processes differ in operating temperature and pressure but both offer resource recovery from sludge.
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PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are generated from the breakdown of fluorinated polymers. The activation barrier for their breakdown is huge and the only fully commercialised processes possibly capable of destroying PFAS are thermochemical ones.
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Lithium ion battery recycling can either be by the ‘Pyro’ route, a combination of pyro- and hydro-metallurgy, or by the ‘Hydro’ route, which comprises a combination of a (thermo-) mechanical pretreatment followed by a hydrometallurgical refining process
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Phosphorus can be recovered as various phosphate salts, predominantly struvite, from the concentrated streams associated with sludge processing in municipal wastewater treatment works - such as digester supernatant and centrifugal dewatering centrate.
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Aquatech is an international trade show hosted in Amsterdam and focusing almost exclusively on water and wastewater treatment. There are at least 800 exhibitors from across the world, with around 20 of them offering MBR membrane products.
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Aquatech China, hosted at the Shanghai New International Expo Center, is the leading international water and wastewater trade show in Asia. In 2024 it featured around 15 companies offering MBR membrane module products among the 500 exhibitors in total.
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Research at pilot scale has demonstrated that oscillating an immersed membrane is more energy efficient than conventional membrane air scouring for sustaining membrane permeability in an MBR. However, there are other less onerous practical alternatives.
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The term 'low cost' is widely used in the academic literature without due attention to all relevant cost components. This is especially true when considering novel membranes, for which other costs as well as the membrane material cost can be significant.
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WEFTEC 2023 offered insights into the latest developments in membrane and MBR process technologies, as well as sludge processing. Around 35 booths were visited, with key topics discussed with exhibitors including PFAS, membrane replacement and degritting.
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Announcement of Special Issue of Membranes journal commemorating Simon Judd. Submissions are invited of research papers in the general area of membrane process technology for water and wastewater treatment
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Can the water industry survive without PVDF membranes? And should it be forced to lose its preferred material for water and wastewater treatment? PVDF is the material of choice for MBR membranes, but its future could be determined by EU PFAS legislation.
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Sludge intensification processes increase the sewage sludge solids concentration through thickening/dewatering or the biogas generation by digestion. But at what point do you stop extracting more water from the sludge or enhancing biogas production?
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